How to talk with youth about gun violence

When to start the conversation

When young children visit the doctor, a parent or caregiver is usually in the room throughout the appointment. But as patients approach their teen years, a health care professional will begin to have private one-on-one conversations with them in addition to talking with their parents or caregivers. 

During these conversations, you may ask teen patients questions about their physical and mental health. This could include whether they follow recommended safety practices, such as wearing bike helmets and seat belts, and whether they understand how to protect themselves on social media. Here, you can also ask about whether they have access to firearms inside or outside of their homes. The patient may also have questions, or they may express concerns about gun violence in their community and beyond.

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How to start the conversation

Tailor your approach based on what you know about the patient. As you discuss health and safety issues teens often face, including wearing a seatbelt, smoking and vaping, sexual health, and impaired driving, you have an opportunity to raise the topic of access to firearms.

Start the conversation by asking for permission.

Why this works

Asking for the patient's consent builds trust and allows them to guide the conversation.

“I like to ask my patients a few common questions about household safety. Is it OK with you if I do that now?”

“Some of my patients have guns at home, so I like to ask patients if guns are part of their life. Do you have access to a gun in or outside of your home?”

“It sounds like you understand the risks associated with firearms, and that’s great. I’d like to bring your parent(s)/caregiver(s) in and talk with them about secure firearm storage. Could I do that now, or do you have any other questions for me?”

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How to talk about unintentional firearm injuries

To add context to the conversation, it may be helpful to share relevant facts about firearm  injuries in an age-appropriate way or check if the patient understands the risks associated with firearms.

Why this works

When you invite open dialogue with patients, you remind them that they have a role to play in their own health and safety and help build autonomy.

“If you found a gun at a friend’s house, what do you think you’d do? If you ever find a gun, don’t touch it, and tell a trusted adult right away.”

“If a friend told you they had access to a gun, what would you do? If you’re not sure, I can share some ideas. Discourage your friend from touching or using the gun by suggesting another activity, like playing video games or going outside. As soon as you can, tell a trusted adult.“

“It can be hard to tell the difference between real guns and toys, and it’s even harder to tell if a gun is loaded. People are injured or killed every day from unintentional shootings. Even if you find a gun that looks like a toy, don’t touch it, and tell a trusted adult right away.”

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How to talk about intentional firearm injuries

Young people are likely to hear about mass shootings and firearm homicides on the news. They may worry that something like that could happen where they live or to someone they love.

"When you are worried or scared after a traumatic event like a fight or shooting, who do you talk about it with?"

“It can be scary and overwhelming to hear about shootings and other stressful world events, but we can keep our community safer by looking out for each other. If you’re ever worried that someone in your life might do something violent, share your concerns with a trusted adult.”

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How to talk about firearm suicide

Checking in with young patients about their mental health is another opportunity to discuss access to firearms and the risk of firearm injuries.

"I care about your physical, mental and emotional wellness. People sometimes experience mental or emotional difficulties and have thoughts of hurting themselves. Have you ever felt that way?"

“If you ever find yourself struggling, remember that you can reach out to a trusted adult. No matter how bad things may seem, there are resources and help available to you.”

“When someone is in crisis, they need time to think things over and get professional help. If someone you know has access to a gun and they are struggling, it’s important to reach out to a trusted adult so they can’t hurt themselves or anyone else.”

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Encourage kids to lead the conversation

Young patients may have unique fears and concerns about gun violence. Instead of trying to anticipate what they are thinking, let them know you are there to listen and that you want to help them stay safe.

“Everything we talk about here is confidential. The only exception is if I’m worried you might harm yourself or someone else. You can ask me anything.”

“Do you have any questions, or is there anything you’d like to talk about?”

“Have you ever felt unsafe at home, at school, or anywhere else? If you’re comfortable talking about it, could you tell me what happened?”

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After the chat

• If a child or teen mentions that there are unsecured firearms in their home, start a conversation with their parents about how securing their guns can help keep their child safe. Use the guide below to get started.
• Much like adults, kids and teens may find it empowering to channel their anxiety and fear into action. Encourage young people to explore age-appropriate ways to get involved in building a safer community for themselves and their loved ones. This could include learning more about the impact of gun violence in their community or leading conversations about safe firearm ownership.